Child Development And Pedagogy Question

Q1. “Development is a never-ending process.” This idea is associated with the
(a) principle of Integration
(b) principle of Interaction
(c) principle of Interrelation
(d) principle of Continuity

Q2. Four distinct stages of children intellectual development are identified by
(a) Skinner
(b) Piaget
(c) Kohlberg
(d) Erikson

Q3. Parents should play a __________ role in the learning process of young children.
(a) sympathetic
(b) neutral
(c) negative
(d) proactive

Q4. The ‘Insight Theory of Learning’ was promoted by
(a) Jean Piaget
(b) Vygotsky
(c) Gestalt
(d) Pavlov

Q5. Motivation, in the process of learning,
(a) makes learners think unidirectional
(b) creates interest for learning among young learners
(c) sharpens the memory of learners
(d) differentiates new learning from old learning.

Q6. Which of the following is not a sign of an intelligent young child?
(a) One who carries on thinking in an abstract manner
(b) One who can adjust oneself in a new environment
(c) One who has an ability to cram long essays very quickly
(d) One who has the ability to communicate fluently and appropriately

Q7. Which is the place where the child’s ‘cognitive’ development is defined in the best way?
(a) Auditorium
(b) Home
(c) Playground
(d) School and classroom environment

Q8. The stage in which a child begins to think logically about objects and events is known as the
(a) pre-operational stage
(b) concrete operational stage
(c) sensory-motor stage
(d) formal operational stage

Q9. Which of the following is not related to the socio-psychological needs of a child?
(a) Regular elimination of waste products from the body
(b) Need for company
(c) Need for appreciation or social approval
(d) Need for emotional security

Q10. Which of the following will foster creativity among learners?
(a) Emphasizing achievement goals from the beginning of school life
(b) Coaching students for getting good marks in an examination
(c) Teaching student the practical value of good education
(d) Providing opportunities to raise questions and to nurture the innate talents of every learner

Solutions:

S1. Ans.(d)
S2. Ans.(b)
S3. Ans.(d)
S4. Ans.(c)
S5. Ans.(b)
S6. Ans.(c)
S7. Ans.(d)
S8. Ans.(b)
S9. Ans.(a)
S10. Ans.(d)

Child Development And Pedagogy Question

Q1. A creative learner refers to one who is
(a) very talented in drawing and painting
(b) highly intelligent
(c) capable of scoring consistently good marks in tests
(d) good at lateral thinking and problem solving

Q2. Individual learners differ from each other in
(a) principles of growth and development
(b) rate of development
(c) sequence of development
(d) general capacity for development

Q3. Every learner is unique means that
(a) no two learners are alike in their abilities, interests and talents
(b) learners do not have any common qualities, nor do they share common goals
(c) a common curriculum for all learners is not possible
(d) it is impossible to develop the potential of learners in a heterogeneous class

Q4. Constructivism as a theory
(a) focuses on the role of imitation
(b) emphasizes the role of the learner in constructing his/her own view of the world
(c) emphasizes memorizing information and testing through recall
(d) emphasizes the dominant role of the teacher

Q5. Development of concepts is primarily a part of
(a) emotional development
(b) intellectual development
(c) physical development
(d) social development

Q6. Heredity is considered a __________ social structure.
(a) primary
(b) secondary
(c) dynamic
(d) static

Q7. The most intense and crucial socialisation takes place
(a) throughout the life of a person
(b) during adolescence
(c) during early childhood
(d) during adulthood

Q8. Helping learners to recapitulate or recall what they have already learnt, is important because
(a) it is a convenient beginning for any classroom instruction
(b) relating new information to prior knowledge enhances learning
(c) it is an effective way of revising lessons
(d) it enhances the memory of learners thereby strengthening learning

Q9. According to Piaget, during the first stage of development (birth to about 2 years age), a child learns best by
(a) using the senses
(b) comprehending neutral words
(c) thinking in an abstract fashion
(d) applying the newly acquired knowledge of language

Q10. The theory of learning that totally depends on ‘observable behaviour’ is associated with the __________ theory of learning.
(a) cognitivist
(b) development
(c) behaviourist
(d) constructivist

Solutions
S1. Ans.(d)
S2. Ans.(b)
S3. Ans.(a)
S4. Ans.(b)
S5. Ans.(b)
S6. Ans.(d)
S7. Ans.(b)
S8. Ans.(b)
S9. Ans.(a)
S10. Ans.(c)

Differences between formative evaluation and summative evaluation

1. Formative assessments are given more frequently than summative assessments.

2. Formative assessments are less formal than summative assessments.

3. Formative assessments are used to determine how much the students have learned and what they still have to learn, while summative assessments are used to determine a student’s overall performance in a certain unit.

4. Formative assessments allow teachers to assess their teaching methods and make changes to help students understand the lesson, while summative assessments will allow teachers to change her teaching methods for the next school year, if students did not perform well.

5. Formative assessment grades do not carry much weight, while summative assessment grades are the basis for determining the readiness of the student to take statewide tests and in evaluating his overall academic performance.

Van Hiele levels of geometry understanding

What are the van Hiele levels of geometry understanding?

A . There are five levels, which are sequential and hierarchical. They are:

Level 1 (Visualization): Students recognize figures by appearance alone,
often by comparing them to a known prototype. The properties of a figure
are not perceived. At this level, students make decisions based on perception,
not reasoning.
Level 2 (Analysis): Students see figures as collections of properties. They
can recognize and name properties of geometric figures, but they do not see
relationships between these properties. When describing an object, a student
operating at this level might list all the properties the student knows, but not
discern which properties are necessary and which are sufficient to describe
the object.
Level 3 (Abstraction): Students perceive relationships between properties
and between figures. At this level, students can create meaningful definitions
and give informal arguments to justify their reasoning. Logical implications
and class inclusions, such as squares being a type of rectangle, are
understood. The role and significance of formal deduction, however, is not
understood.

Level 4 (Deduction): Students can construct proofs, understand the role of
axioms and definitions, and know the meaning of necessary and sufficient
conditions. At this level, students should be able to construct proofs such as
those typically found in a high school geometry class.

Level 5 (Rigor): Students at this level understand the formal aspects of
deduction, such as establishing and comparing mathematical systems.
Students at this level can understand the use of indirect proof and proof by
contrapositive, and can understand non-Euclidean systems.

Clements and Battista (1992) also proposed the existence of Level 0, which
they call pre-recognition. Students at this level notice only a subset of the
visual characteristics of a shape, resulting in an inability to distinguish
between figures. For example, they may distinguish between triangles and
quadrilaterals, but may not be able to distinguish between a rhombus and a
parallelogram.

Pedagogy Question

1. The best method to study growth and development of the child is–
(A) Psychoanalytic Method (B) Comparative Method
(C) Developmental Method (D) Statistical Method (Ans : C)
2. Socialization is a process by which children and adults learn from
'?
(A) Family (B) School (C) Peers (D) All of these (Ans : D)
3. Which one of the following is the true statement corresponding to
Cephalocaudal Principle of Child's Development?
(A) Development is from head to foot (B) Development is from foot
to head
(C) Development is from middle to periphery (D) None of these
(Ans : A)
4. Determinants of Individual differences in human beings relate to–
(A) Differences in Environment (B) Differences in Heredity
(C) Interaction between Heredity and Environment
(D) Both Heredity and Environment interacting separately (Ans : C)
5. Term PSRN in development implies–
(A) Problem solving, reasoning and numeracy (B) Problem solving
relationship and numeracy
(C) Perceptual skill, reasoning and numeracy (D) Perceptual skill,
relationship and numbers (Ans : C)
6. Vygotsky proposed that Child Development is–
(A) Due to genetic components of a culture (B) A product of social
interaction
(C) A product of formal education (D) A product of assimilation and
accommodation (Ans : B)
7. Gardner formulated a list of Seven Intelligencies, which among the
following is not one of them?
(A) Spatial Intelligence (B) Emotional Intelligence
(C) Interpersonal Intelligence (D) Linguistic Intelligence (Ans : B)
8. Which of the following is the true statement in reference to
Intelligence?
(A) Intelligence is the ability to adjust (B) Intelligence is the ability
to learn
(C) Intelligence is the ability of Abstract Reasoning (D) All of these
(Ans : D)
9. "A Child can think logically about objects and events" This is the
characteristic given by Piaget of stage–
(A) Sensory Motor (B) Pre Operational
(C) Concrete Operational (D) Formal Operation (Ans : C)
10. Which of the following does not belong to the categories of
Coping strategies that women commonly engaged in–
(A) Acceptance (B) Resistance (C) Revolution (D) Adaptation (Ans :
C)
11. What should be the role of teacher in meeting the individual
differences?
(A) Try to know the abilities, interest and aptitude of individuals
(B) Try to adjust the curriculum as per the needs of individuals
(C) Both (A) and (B) (D) None of these (Ans : C)
12. If a child has mental age of 5 years and chronological age of 4
years than what will be the IQ of child?
(A) 125 (B) 80 (C) 120 (D) 100 (Ans : A)
13. Which of the following is not the tool for Formative Assessment
in sholastic domain?
(A) Conversation Skill (B) Multiple Choice Question
(C) Projects (D) Oral Questions (Ans : C)
14. A few students in your class are exceptionally bright, you will
teach them–
(A) Along with the class (B) Along with higher classes
(C) By using Enriched programmes (D) Only when they want (Ans :
C)
15. The major purpose of diagnostic test is that of identifying–
(A) The General area of weakness in class performance (B) Specific
nature of remedial Programme needed
(C) The causes underlying academic difficulties (D) The specific
nature of pupil difficulties (Ans : C)

Practice Paper

Q1: In the context of education, socialization means
(a) creating one's own social norms
(b) respecting elders in society
(c) adapting and adjusting to social environment
(d) always following social norms

Q2: A school gives preference to girls while preparing students for a State level solo-song competition. This reflects
(a) Global trends
(b) Pragmatic approach
(c) Progressive thinking
(d) Gender bias

Q3: Vygotsky emphasized the significance of the role played by which of the following factors
in the learning of children ?
(a) Hereditary
(b) Moral
(c) Physical
(d) Social

Q4: A teacher makes use of a variety of tasks to cater to the different learning styles of her learners. She is influenced by
(a) Kohlberg's moral development theory
(b) Gardner's multiple intelligence theory
(c) Vygotsky's socio-cultural theory
(d) Piaget's cognitive development theory

Q5: A teacher never gives answers to questions herself. She encourages her students to suggest answers, have group discussions and adopt collaborative learning. This approach is based on the principle of
(a) proper organization of instructional material
(b) setting a good example and being a role-model
(c) readiness to learn
(d) active participation

Q6: Which of the following is a teacher-related factor affecting learning?
(a) Proper seating arrangement
(b) Availability of teaching -learning resources
(c) Nature of the content or learning experiences
(d) Mastery over the subject-matter

Q7: According to Kohlberg, a teacher can instill moral values in children by
(a) giving importance to religious teachings
(b) laying clear rules of' behaviour
(c) involving them in discussions on moral issues
(d) giving strict instructions on 'how to behave'

Q8: Young learners should be encouraged to interact with peers in the classroom so that
(a) they can learn answers to questions from each other
(b) the syllabus can be covered quickly
(c) they learn social skills in the course of study
(d) the teacher can control the classroom better

Q9: When a child with a disability first comes to school, the teacher should
(a) refer the child to a special school according to the disability
(b) seclude him from other students
(c) discuss with the child's parents to evolve collaborative plans
(d) conduct an admission test

Q10: According to Piaget's stages of Cognitive Development, the sensori-motor stage is associated with
(a) imitation, memory and mental representation
(b) ability to solve problems in logical fashion
(c) ability to interpret and analyse options
(d) concerns about social issues

Q11: Human personality is the result of
(a) upbringing and education
(b) interaction between heredity and environment
(c) only environment
(d) only heredity

Q12: Individual attention is important in the teaching - learning process because
(a) learners always learn better in groups
(b) teacher training programmes prescribe it
(c) it offers better opportunities to teachers to discipline each learner
(d) children develop at different rates and learn 'differently

Q13: Which of the following is the first step in the scientific method of problem-solving?
(a) Verification of hypothesis
(b) Problem awareness
(c) Collection of relevant information
(d) Formation of hypothesis

Q14: Which of the following is a domain of learning?
(a) Experiential
(b) Affective
(c) Spiritual
(d) Professional

Q15: When a child gets bored while doing a task, it is a sign that
(a) the task may have become mechanically repetitive
(b) the child is not intelligent
(c) the child is not capable of learning
(d) the child needs to be disciplined

Q16: Errors of learners often indicate
(a) how they learn
(b) the need for mechanical drill
(c) absence of learning
(d) socio-economic status of the learners

Answers:
1: (c) adapting and adjusting to social environment
2: (d) Gender bias
3: (d) Social
[Note: Lev Vygotsky theory on cognitive development is called Social Development Theory. It stresses on stress the fundamental role of social interaction (community) in the development of cognition.
The following youtube video nicely summarizes Vygotsky's Social development Theory]
4: (b) Gardner's multiple intelligence theory
[Note: Gardner published his book in 1983 called "Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences". He proposed that intelligence is not just a single type but there are multiple kinds of intelligence that people can possess. He specifies eight different kinds of intelligence:
5: (d) active participation
6: (d) Mastery over the subject-matter
7: (c) involving them in discussions on moral issues
8: (c) they learn social skills in the course of study
9: (c) discuss with the child's parents to evolve collaborative plans
10: (a) imitation, memory and mental representation
[Note: Senori-Motor stage is birth to Age 2 stage. In this stage the infant learns by seeing and hearing. Infant builds the initial schema (mental representations) and late apply it]
11: (b) interaction between heredity and environment
12:(d) children develop at different rates and learn 'differently
13: (b) Problem awareness
14: (b) Affective
15: (a) the task may have become mechanically repetitive
16: (b) the need for mechanical drill
[Note: Mechanical drills are the least useful because they have little resemblance to real communication. Students only do cramming or parroting of a pattern or rule.
Meaningful drills help students develop understanding the working because students make form-meaning correlations. Their resemblance to real communication.
Incommunicative drills, students test and develop their ability to use language to convey ideas and information.
Good textbooks should have more meaningful and communicative drills.]

Ctet Previous Paper 3

CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND PEDAGOGY

Directions : Answer the following questions by
selecting the most appropriate option.

1. ‘‘Development is a never ending process.’’
This idea is associated with
(1) Principle of integration
(2) Principle of interaction
(3) Principle of interrelation
(4) Principle of continuity
2. Four distinct stages of children’s intellectual
development are identified by
(1) Skinner
(2) Piaget
(3) Kohlberg
(4) Erikson
3. Parents should play a ___________ role in the
learning process of young children.
(1) sympathetic
(2) neutral
(3) negative
(4) proactive
4. The ‘insight theory of learning’ is promoted by
(1) Jean Piaget
(2) Vygotsky
(3) ‘Gestalt’ theorists
(4) Pavlov
5. Motivation, in the process of learning,
(1) makes learners think unidirectionally
(2) creates interest for learning among
young learners
(3) sharpens the memory of learners
(4) differentiates new learning from old
learning
6. Which of the following is not a sign of an
intelligent young child ?
(1) One who carries on thinking in an
abstract manner
(2) One who can adjust oneself in a new
environment
(3) One who has the ability to cram long
essays very quickly
(4) One who has the ability to communicate
fluently and appropriately
7. Which is the place where the child’s
‘cognitive’ development is defined in the best
way ?
(1) Auditorium
(2) Home
(3) Playground
(4) School and classroom environment
8. The stage in which a child begins to think
logically about objects and events is known as
(1) Pre-operational stage
(2) Concrete operational stage
(3) Sensori-motor stage
(4) Formal operational stage
9. Which of the following is not related to the
socio-psychological needs of the child ?
(1) Regular elimination of waste products
from the body
(2) Need for company
(3) Need for appreciation or social approval
(4) Need for emotional security

10. Which of the following will foster creativity
among learners ?
(1) Emphasizing achievement goals from
the beginning of school life
(2) Coaching students for good marks in
examination
(3) Teaching the students the practical
value of good education
(4) Providing opportunities to question and
to nurture the innate talents of every
learner
11. ‘Mind mapping’ refers to
(1) drawing the picture of a mind
(2) researching the functioning of the mind
(3) a technique to enhance comprehension
(4) a plan of action for an adventure
12. ‘‘A yung child responds to a new situation on
the basis of the response made by him/her in
a similar situation as in the past.’’ This is
related to
(1) ‘Law of Attitude’ of learning process
(2) ‘Law of Readiness’ of learning
(3) ‘Law of Analogy’ of learning
(4) ‘Law of Effect’ of learning
13. The best way, specially at primary level, to
address the learning difficulties of students is
to use
(1) easy and interesting textbooks
(2) story-telling method
(3) a variety of teaching methods suited to
the disability
(4) expensive and glossy support material

14. Education of children with
special needs should be provided
(1) in special schools
(2) by special teachers in special schools
(3) along with other normal children
(4) by methods developed for special
children in special schools
15. ‘Dyslexia’ is associated with
(1) Reading disorder
(2) Behavioural disorder
(3) Mental disorder
(4) Mathematical disorder
16. ___________ is not considered a sign of ‘being
gifted’.
(1) Novelty in expression
(2) Curiosity
(3) Creative ideas
(4) Fighting with others
17. A student of V-grade with ‘visual deficiency’
should be
(1) treated normally in the classroom and
provided support through Audio CDs
(2) given special treatment in the
classroom
(3) excused to do a lower level of work
(4) helped with his/her routine-work by
parents and friends

18. Which of the following statements
cannot be considered as a feature of
the process of learning ?
(1) Learning is goal-oriented
(2) Unlearning is also a learning process
(3) Educational institutions are the only
place where learning takes place
(4) Learning is a comprehensive process
19. Learning can be enriched if
(1) teachers use different types of lectures
and explanation
(2) due attention is paid to periodic tests in
the class
(3) situations from the real world are
brought into the class in which
students interact with each other and
the teacher facilitates
(4) more and more teaching aids are used
in the class
20. To make assessment a ‘useful and interesting’
process, one should be careful about
(1) using a variety of ways to collect
information about the student’s
learning across the scholastic and co-
scholastic boundaries
(2) using technical language to give
feedback
(3) making comparisons between different
students
(4) labelling students as intelligent or
average learners
21. A teacher, because of his/her democratic
nature, allows students to sit all over the
class. Some sit together and discuss or do
group reading. Some sit quietly and read
themselves. A parent does not like it. Which
of the following may be the best way to
handle the situation ?
(1) Parents should show trust in the
teacher and discuss the problem with
the teacher
(2) Parents should take away the child
from that school
(3) Parents should complain against the
teacher to the principal
(4) Parents should request the principal to
change the section of their ward
22. Which of the following should be considered
the most important quality of a teacher at
primary level ?
(1) Competence in methods of teaching and
knowledge of subjects
(2) Competence to teach in highly
standardised language
(3) Eagerness to teach
(4) Patience and perseverance
23. ___________ is considered a sign of motivated
teaching.
(1) Questioning by students
(2) Pin drop silence in the class
(3) Maximum attendance in the class
(4) Remedial work given by the teacher

24. At lower classes, play-way method of teaching
is based on
(1) psychological principles of development
and growth
(2) sociological principles of teaching
(3) theory of physical education
programmes
(4) principles of methods of teaching
25. The term ‘curriculum’ in the field of education
refers to
(1) evaluation process
(2) text-material to be used in the class
(3) methods of teaching and the content to
be taught
(4) overall programme of the school which
students experience on a day-to-day
basis
26. According to Piaget, at which of the following
stages does a child begin to think logically
about abstract propositions ?
(1) Sensori-motor stage (Birth – 02 years)
(2) Pre-operational stage (02 – 07 years)
(3) Concrete operational stage (07 – 11
years)
(4) Formal operational stage (11 years and
up)
24 27. A teacher should make an attempt to
understand the potentialities of her/his
students. Which of the following fields is
related to this objective ?
(1) Media – Psychology
(2) Educational Psychology
(3) Educational Sociology
(4) Social Philosophy
28. Kritika who does not talk much at home,
talks a lot at school. It shows that
(1) she does not like her home at all
(2) her thoughts get acknowledged at
school
(3) the school provides opportunities to
children to talk a lot
(4) teachers demand that children should
talk a lot at school
29. ‘‘Children actively construct their
understanding of the world’’ is a statement
attributed to
(1) Kohlberg
(2) Skinner
(3) Piaget
(4) Pavlov
30. In which of the following stages do children
become active members of their peer group ?
(1) Early childhood
(2) Childhood
(3) Adolescence
(4) Adulthood